Thursday, April 21, 2011

Kardinah di Bawah Bayangan Kartini


Kamis, 21 April 2011 - 20:44:45 WIB

Selain Rumah Sakit Umum di Tegal yang meminjam namanya, hampir tak ada monumen atau apapun yang bisa membuktikan perjuangan adik Kartini ini.


NAMANYA nyaris berada di bawah bayang-bayang kebesaran nama kakaknya, Kartini. Padahal perjuangannya dalam meninggikan derajat perempuan dan menolong kaum lemah tak bisa dibilang sedikit. Salah satu penyebabnya, Kardinah tak seerat Kartini dalam bersahabat dengan Nyonya Abendanon atau Nyonya Ovink-Soer.



Lahir di Jepara pada 1 Maret 1881, Kardinah merupakan anak ke-7 Bupati Jepara RM Sosroningrat. Dia anak pertama dari selir (garwa ampil) bupati bernama M.A. Ngasirah.



Ayahnya selalu menularkan kepekaan sosial kepada anak-anaknya. “Setelah sudah agak besar, kami sering disuruh oleh rama (bapak) untuk ikut meninjau tempat-tempat penderitaan rakyat. Maksud rama supaya kami melihat sendiri dari dekat bencana-bencana yang menimpa rakyat itu dan mendapat kesan bagaimana susahnya hidup mereka yang melarat dan hina itu,” tulis Kardinah dalam suratnya tanggal 25 Maret 1964 kepada Sitisoemandari Soeroto, penulis Kartini Sebuah Biografi.



Selain memberikan pendidikan formal seperti ELS (Europese Lagere School), ayahnya memanggilkan guru ke rumah. Bersama saudara-saudaranya, mereka membaca, belajar, dan berdiskusi. Mereka kemudian bercita-cita untuk memberikan pendidikan bagi anak-anak perempuan.



Setelah menikah dengan Patih Soejitno, anak Bupati Tegal Ario Reksonegoro, pada 24 Januari 1902, Kardinah mulai mewujudkan cita-cita Het Klaverblad (daun semanggi) atau “Tiga Saudara” –julukan yang Nyonya Ovink-Soer, istri asisten residen Jepara, berikan kepada Kartini, Rukmini, dan Kardinah.


“Kardinah yakin posisi sosialnya mewajibkannya untuk melakukan sesuatu bagi masyarakat –sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab itu, sebagaimana saudara perempuannya, Roekmini, dia berpikir bahwa tidak semestinya orang asing saja yang harus berbuat, meski jelas sekali mereka juga punya tanggung jawab– juga merefleksikan peran politik dalam komunitas politik Jawa secara umum," tulis Joost Coté dalam Realizing the dream of R.A. Kartini: Her Sisters' Letters from Colonial Java.



Kardinah menggunakan model pendidikan yang digariskan Kartini: ibu menjadi pusat kehidupan rumah tangga. “Tak ada yang lebih baik daripada pendidikan seorang ibu yang telah tercerdaskan,” tulis Ahmad Fatkhudin dalam skripsinya di Jurusan Ilmu Sejarah Universitas Diponegoro, “Kardinah Reksonegoro, Peranan dan Pemikirannya dalam Pengembangan Masyarakat Tegal Tahun 1908–1945”.



Kardinah tak puas terhadap kebijakan pemerintah kolonial yang membatasi akses pendidikan kaum bumiputera. Hanya anak bangsawan yang bisa mendapatkan pendidikan baik dengan bahasa Belanda sebagai bahasa pengantar. “Berapa banyak bangsa kami, saya bertanya pada diri sendiri, yang mampu untuk belajar di sekolah-sekolah seperti itu?” tulis Kardinah dalam suratnya kepada Nyonya Abendanon tanggal 15 Juli 1911. Lebih lanjut, “Apakah itu adil? Atau apakah yang seharusnya menjadi contoh bisa membantu masyarakat pribumi untuk maju?”



Banyak priyayi, termasuk bupati Pemalang, tertarik dengan model pendidikan yang Kardinah lakukan di rumahnya. Mereka menitipkan anak-anak mereka. Bersama suaminya, yang pada 8 Juli 1908 diangkat jadi bupati Tegal, Kardinah berjuang mendirikan sebuah sekolah. “Kini suami dan saya mempunyai rencana untuk mendirikan sebuah sekolah sendiri bagi anak-anak pejabat bawahan dari sumbangan-sumbangan kolektif,” tulis Kardinah kepada Abendanon dalam suratnya tanggal 15 Juli 1911, sebagaimana dimuat dalam Surat-surat Adik R.A. Kartini karya Frits G.P. Jaquet.



Untuk mewujudkannya, Kardinah mengumpulkan dana dari penjualan bukunya; dua jilid buku memasak dan dua jilid buku mengenai batik. Dia juga mendapat bantuan dana dari istri Asisten Residen Tegal HM de Stuers, istri kontrolir Tegal E. van den Bos, dan istri Patih Tegal Raden Ayu Soemodirdjo. Kardinah lalu mendirikan sekolah kepandaian putri Wismo Pranowo (WP) pada 1 Maret 1916. Biaya operasional ditanggung masyarakat yang mampu, selain dari hasil pasar amal dan sumbangan. Segala keperluan sekolah diberikan secara cuma-cuma. Tiap murid hanya dibebankan uang sekolah 50 sen.



Mata pelajaran di WP antara lain bahasa Belanda, dasar pendidikan kebangsaan dan kebudayaan Jawa, Pertolongan Pertama pada Kecelakaan (P3K), mengaji Alquran, membatik, dan pendidikan watak. Kardinah ikut mengajar. Begitu pula Ki Hajar Dewantoro. Meski menggunakan sistem pendidikan yang ditetapkan Kartini, WP bukan Sekolah Kartini karena biaya operasional tak ditanggung gubernemen.



Awalnya sekolah itu hanya menempati bekas gedung kantor kabupaten, dengan murid 150 orang. Tapi tahun 1924 sudah terdapat 200 murid dan enam ruang belajar. Banyak pihak tertarik dengan model pendidikan WP. Dewi Sartika, tokoh pendidikan Priangan, salah satunya. Bersama adiknya, Sari Pamerat, dia berkunjung ke Tegal untuk mempelajari sistem pendidikan WP. Mereka juga ikut mengajar selama empat bulan. Pemerintah akhirnya mengambil-alih sekolah itu dan mengubahnya jadi Kopschool (sekolah kejuruan bagi kaum perempuan) dan Onderbouwschool (sekolah rendah)– pada 24 Oktober 1924 dengan kompensasi f 16.000.



“Saya merasa ini sebagai tugas saya, tugas suci saya kepada saudari kami, yang dengannya kami pernah memimpikan mimpi itu, yang dengannya kami membangun cita-cita itu, dan menawarkan diri saya sekarang untuk tujuan yang kami selalu tuju, demi kebaikan kita semua,” tulis Kardinah dalam suratnya kepada Nyonya Abendanon.



Bersama kakaknya, Sosro Kartono, Kardinah juga mendirikan sebuah perpustakaan yang diberi nama Panti Sastra. Dananya didapat secara swadaya.



Kardinah juga prihatin dengan kondisi kesehatan rakyat di Tegal, terutama ketika tahu murid-muridnya melahirkan tanpa dukungan tenaga dan fasilitas memadai. “Orang sakit kok ditidurkan di tikar, bagaimana itu?” ujar Kardinah tak puas. Dia mencurahkan perhatiannya pada dunia kesehatan, dengan membangun fasilitas kesehatan dan memperbaiki pengetahuan medis masyarakat yang kala itu lebih percaya pada klenik.



Pada 1927 Kardinah mendirikan Kardinah Ziekenhuis atau Rumah Sakit Kardinah. Dana dari kompensasi WP dan hasil penjualan buku-bukunya serta keuntungan penjualan kerajinan tangan buatan murid-murid WP. Residen Pekalongan Schilling termasuk orang yang mendukung niatnya dengan membantu pendanaan. Schilling pula yang minta rumah sakit itu dinamai Kardinah. Pemerintah pusat dan daerah ikut mensubsidi. Rumah Sakit Kardinah, "merupakan lambang pengabdian yang nyata dari Tiga Saudara kepada kemanusiaan, seperti yang mereka idam-idamkan bersama,” tulis Fatkhudin.



Tak lama kemudian Kardinah juga membangun sebuah rumah penampungan bagi orang-orang miskin di sekitar Kardinah Ziekenhuis.



Pemerintah Hindia Belanda mengapresiasi jasa-jasa Kardinah dengan menganugerahkan bintang Ridder van Oranje Nassau –pemerintah Indonesia sendiri pada 21 Desember 1969 menganugerahkan Lencana Kebaktian Sosial Republik Indonesia.



Tak lama setelah Indonesia merdeka, diikuti revolusi sosial di berbagai daerah, Kardinah dan keluarganya ditangkap Gerombolan Kutil. Kardinah dan keluarganya dianggap lambang feodalisme. Selain diancam akan dibunuh, mereka dipakaikan baju dari goni lalu diarak keliling kota. Sejak itu keberadaan Kardinah tak diketahui.



Menurut Anton Lucas dalam Peristiwa Tiga Daerah, setelah ditangkap dan diarak keliling kota, arak-arakan berhenti di depan RS Kardinah. Mereka lalu dibawa dengan sebuah truk ke Talang dan ditahan di rumah Wedana Adiwerna selama seminggu. Para priyayi Pekalongan dan perwira Tentara Keamanan Rakyat, yang menganggap tindakan Adiwerna tak sesuai norma-norma budaya Jawa, menyelamatkan Kardinah pada 13 November 1945. Kardinah lalu dibawa ke Salatiga.



Namun menurut Kardinah kepada Sumiati Sardjoe, istri walikota Tegal Sardjoe, kisahnya lain. Waktu dirinya diarak keliling kota, arak-arakan berhenti di depan Rumah Sakit Kardinah. Dia lalu pura-pura sakit dan dirawat. Malamnya dia diselamatkan orang-orang yang simpatik. Mereka membawanya ke Salatiga.



Titik terang datang pada 1970. Sumiati, yang gigih mencari keberadaan Kardinah, mendapat informasi ketika menghadiri pertemuan Gabungan Organisasi Wanita di Semarang: Kardinah tinggal di Salatiga. Awalnya dia tak bisa menemuinya karena Kardinah trauma setiapkali mendengar kata Tegal. Tapi akhirnya, setahun kemudian, Kardinah berkunjung ke Tegal atas undangan Sumiati. "Kedatangannya di Tegal disambut haru warga Tegal," tulis Fatkhudin. Kardinah memanfaatkan kunjungannya itu untuk berziarah ke makam suaminya.



Tak lama berselang, setelah kunjungannya itu, pada 5 Juli 1971 Kardinah wafat. Dia dimakamkan di samping makam suaminya. [MF MUKTHI]

Tuesday, April 19, 2011

Piwelingku


Urip iku mung sapisan nang alam dunya
aja dumeh lan aja nggege mangsa
aja dahwen lan aja nyolong dhuwekne liyan
Yen sira ora bisa anglakoni sabar
mangka urip iki dadi bubar ambyar

Nuruti lakune dunya
kang saya suwe saya akeh pratingkah
wong dipeksa dadi golek
lan dadi wayang saka kepentingane
wong kang dagang
urip mung dinggo ngumbar
nefsu angkara lan lawamah
muturut paugeraning doltinuku

Dunya iku tegese asor lan ora nduweni pitulung
Dunya iku bakal nulungi nalikane kawulane Allah
nulungi agamane Allah
Dunya dianggo mung netepi paugeraning agami
Sedekah, zakat, lan aweh pitulung marang kang butuh
ora numpuk dunya kanggo kasenengane sarira
Iku mung lumantaran kabegjan sejati

Monday, April 04, 2011

Islam is winning

Islam is winning

By Dr. Aaidh al-Qarni

O Muslims, don't lose heart, don't surrender. Allah is watching over us just as He watched over our forefathers. Don't you remember how our predecessors lived prior to Islam, and what they achieved after they embraced this faith? Prior to Islam, they worked as humble shepherds, but afterwards they become world leaders. Prior to Islam, they worshipped idols and believed in divination, but [after Islam] they went on to lead the world in knowledge, ruling wisely and justly. Therefore I say, don't lose heart, the secret of our renaissance, victory, pride, and sense of honour lies in the Holy Quran. This remains fresh in the hearts of our children, and the souls of our elders. The Holy Quran will instil life within us once more, and help us to regain our glory and victory. God brought us to life with the revelation of Islam at the dawn of the Islamic age, and he is capable of resurrecting us from our [current] slumber.

Our predecessors in pre-Islamic times used to believe in astrology, and plunder caravans and waylay travellers, living without values or virtue. They lived according to the law of the jungle, and were therefore immersed in backward practices and ignorance. They swore on the false [Meccan] idols of Al-Lat, Manat, and Al-Uzza, killing their own children, and attacking the unarmed. However everything in their lives changed after they converted to Islam. Their hearts became scriptures of guidance, their tongues pulpits of knowledge, their writings heralds of learning, whilst their words bore remembrance and recitation. They performed ablution and the gates of paradise open wide for them. They prayed and brought low mountains, they prostrated themselves in worship of God Almighty and tyrants fell in the face of their faith, whilst angels fought alongside them in battle, and the bastions of infidelity and falsehood were destroyed. These Muslims would exclaim "God is Great" and the thrones of tyrants shook beneath their feet, whilst the palaces of Emperors and Kings were destroyed.

They raised the banner of "There is no god but Allah" and the earth and sky welcomed them, with all territories succumbing to their rule. When Bilal [al-Habshi] first issued the call for prayer, the entire world bowed in supplication. When Abu Mousa recited verses of the Holy Quran, darkness was replaced by light, and when Abu Huraira narrated a Hadith time stood still; tyrants surrendered when Caliph Umar [Ibn al-Khattab] ruled, and infidelity and falsehood was crushed when Khalid [Ibn al-Walid] went to war.

O Muslims, don't give in, our faith commands the greatest number of followers and covers a vast region of the world. In every corner of the world you can find a Muslim; in every mosque you would find a believer praying; on every hill you can find a [Muslim] cleric ready to offer his advice. There is not a singe town comes without a mosque; not a single village without a prayer room, and there is not a single country around the world that does not have an Islamic centre and institution. Mountains, lowlands and hills all shake with the most righteous call: God is the Greatest! God is the Greatest! Seas, wastelands and the whole earth all cry out in awe: There is no god but Allah!

O Muslims, we might be weak but not dead, sick but not bedridden, defeated but not vanquished. The spark of life, the seed of challenge, refusal to submit, the fuel of the revolution and the spirit of struggle, all of them still exist in us. We are the recipients of the eternal message, the upholders of a just cause and the builders of a cultural divine project. Had we not been at the core of the world's attention, no one would have busied themselves with us. We are coming, that is why the others fear us. We are not a Pan-nationalistic race or a national party or an underground ideology or a political group.

We are a great nation with a noble message and a set of moral principles. We are Arabs and non-Arabs, black and white, clerics and masses, rich and poor. We are the conscience of the world, the delight of this life and the hope of oppressed peoples. We are a grand charitable society and a chief international institution. We are the voice of salvation in the conscience of the unseen, a smile of hope on the mouth of time and a firebrand of God's Light in a labyrinth. We declared there is only one God when others turned atheists; we became believers the day others disbelieved.

We sin but repent, err but ask for forgiveness. If we stumble, Almighty God raises us from our trips; if we lose, Almighty God renders us victorious and if the world comes tumbling down on us, Almighty God reaches out a Hand. To God we shall return, in God's Company we rest, in God's Wisdom we trust, to God we commit our souls and in the Way of God we struggle. We are the nation of the last Prophet. The Revealed Books were sealed with our Quran. We are the nation of moderation which rectified the path of humanity; the witnessing nation which holds the conclusive testimony; the nation of Jihad which trample over falsehood; we are a nation put to the test by God; a nation which has served as a test to others; we are the nation of moral constitution; the nation of Kiblah, faith and Sunna. The moral constitution is our belief in Allah as one God, our Kiblah is Mecca, our faith is Islam and our Sunna is to follow the infallible Prophet's way of life.

We are the people of the Two Kiblahs, the Two Pledges of Allegiance, the Two Rewards, and the Two Hegiras and the Two Epics. The Two Kiblahs are the Kaaba and the Aqsa Mosque, the Two Pledges of Allegiance are those of al-Aqaba and al-Ridwan, the Two Rewards are Victory or Martyrdom, the Two Hegiras are those of Ethiopia and Medina and the Two Epics are the Battle of Delegation and the Battle of Renewal.

We are mortals but God is immortal, we perish but the Holy Quran lasts, we die but the Prophetic Tradition remains: "So lose not heart, nor fall into despair: For ye must gain mastery if ye are true in Faith."

A Metaphor for Secularism

A metaphor for secularism
By Murtaza Razvi

'SECULARISM' may be a bad word in the dictionary of our ideologues, but it unites Pakistanis like nothing else. Take cricket as a binding force, for instance.
There's nothing Islamic or un-Islamic about the sport, and in that it defines what the much-mistaken term 'secularism' means: neither religious nor explicitly irreligious, and certainly not anti-religion; secularism is religion-neutral; it can hold all religions in its fold, like in India and Bangladesh.

Of course, there are a handful of those on the fringes of society who oppose even cricket because it is too 'secular' for their liking. It is not about going up in the rugged mountains and training to kill in the name of God, but a sport that is enjoyed and played most passionately right down to the grass-roots level - from the dusty streets of Gwadar to the valleys of Hunza. It is everything, including popular, that the Taliban are not.

That is perhaps why they attacked the Sri Lankan team in Lahore in March 2009, putting an end to Pakistan as an international cricket host; they even called football 'a waste of time' when football fever was high during last year's World Cup, ostensibly because it distracts the youth from their mission which is to kill and maim to enforce their version of Islam.

It can be argued that historically populism in Pakistan is tied to secular causes, the kind of populism that sweeps across the land and brings people together. Basant did that for years in Punjab before the killer twine killed it under orders from the highest court.

In the 2008 election, none of the political parties that got the popular vote harped on religious idiom because they knew that since the imposition of the Islamisation process by Gen Zia's martial law regime, religion had become more of a dividing rather than a uniting force. Among the top victims of that controversial process have been women and the minorities; sectarianism amongst Muslims also sprung up as its ungodly offspring.

That is why Maulana Fazlur Rahman's JUI-F, a religious party, now practises public issue-based politics, believing in the electoral process even if their goal is to enforce Sharia - a demand that should be more popular than, say, cricket, as the proponents of Islamic ideology would insist, but what to do when it is not? That's why the Taliban have come to hate him too.

Then, take the 2007-2009 lawyers' movement for the restoration of the judges sent packing by Gen Musharraf. It united the legal community from across the board, as indeed did the election last year of Asma Jahangir to the post of the president of the Supreme Court Bar. The only ideology embraced by the legal fraternity and which won the day was pushing for 'rule of law'. And this too leads us to a very interesting point in the sphere of law itself. Consider the Raymond Davis case.

When pressure did not work, the US was forced to fight out his case under Pakistan's existing, controversial Qisas and Diyat law, which favours the rich - no conditions of faith or nationality or the nature of the crime committed attached - as opposed to serving the cause of justice. The outrage over Davis's acquittal was shared equally by Pakistanis across the land.

Paradoxically, the religious right which wants more such laws enacted in the name of Sharia was most vocal about the 'injustice' done in the case. Paradoxically again, instead of the religious right, the Americans were embarrassed before their own voters for having paid for the release of Davis. Washington denied paying any blood money itself; it was arranged through diplomatic channels with help from friendly governments which had no such qualms.

Davis would have gone to trial and probably have been convicted under secular laws, which Ziaul Haq and after him Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Nawaz Sharif replaced with the controversial Sharia laws. Dare anyone today say that the cause of justice was served by Davis paying blood money and walking away a free man?

Granted all Pakistanis today want the rule of law under which justice is served and also seen to be done. For this do we need laws that are abused or dispense injustice under the pretext of having divine sanction? In fact, they don't, for Sharia laws are just as man-made as so-called secular laws. We had rather have laws that we can change to meet the demands of justice as human intellect evolves and embraces values that are universally applicable.

When secular causes can bring and keep Pakistanis together why not secular laws? Secularism does not negate Islam as a popular faith as it was practised before the imposition of controversial laws, under which rape victims can be locked up if they cannot prove the crime; mothers can forgive their sons for murdering their own daughters; the rich can pay blood money to escape punishment while a poor man goes to the gallows for committing the same crime; and minorities are booked for blaspheming against Islam. All this brings Islam only disrepute and no glory.

For God, for unity, for the country, we need to rethink our laws. Meanwhile, keep counting on cricket as the secular binding force at a time when all else, especially an obscurantist state ideology, does all to divide and rule us with its misrule.

The writer is a member of staff.